Английский контрольная работа 5
| Цена, руб. | 400 |
| Номер работы | 8568 |
| Предмет | Иностранные языки |
| Тип работы | Контрольная |
| Объем, стр. | 5 |
| Оглавление | "КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА 5 II. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 4 и 5-й абзацы текста. Trials and errors. 1. HOW EFFICIENT is our own system of criminal trial? Does it really do the basic job we, ask of it -convicting the guilty and acquitting the innocent? It is often said that the British trial system is more like a game than a serious attempt to do justice. The lawyers on each side are so engrossed in playing hard to win, challenging each other and the judge on technical points, that the object of finding out the truth is almost forgotten. All the effort is concentrated on the big day, on the dramatic cross-examination of the key witnesses in front of the jury. Critics like to compare our 'adversarial system (resembling two adversaries engaged in a contest) with the Continental 'inquisitorial' system, under which the judge plays a more important inquiring role. 2. In early times, in the Middle Ages, the systems of trial across Europe were similar. At that time trial 'by ordeal '- essentially a religious event - was the main way of testing guilt or innocence. When this was eventually abandoned the two systems parted company. On the Continent church-trained legal officials took over the functions of both prose¬cuting and judging, while in England these were largely left to lay people, the justices of the peace and the jury. The ju¬rymen were often illiterate and this meant that all the evi¬dence had to be put to them orally. This historical accident dominates procedure even today, with all evidence being given in open court by word of mouth on the crucial day. 3. On the other hand, in France for instance, all the evidence is written down before the trial under supervision by an investigating judge. This exhaustive pre-trial investigation is said to lessen the risk of sending an innocent person for trial. But to English eyes a French trial looks very undramatic; much of it is just a public checking of the written records already gathered. 4. The Americans adopted the British system lock, stock and barrel and enshrined it in their Constitution. But, while the basic features of our systems are common, there are now significant differences in the way serious cases are handled. First, because the USA has virtually no contempt of court laws to prevent pre-trial publicity in the newspapers and on television, American lawyers are allowed to question jurors about knowledge and beliefs. 5. In Britain this is virtually never allowed, and a random selection of jurors who are presumed not to be prejudiced is empanelled. Secondly, there is no separate profession of barrister in the United States, and both prosecution and defence lawyers who are to present cases in court prepare them themselves. They go out and visit the scene, track down and interview witnesses, and familiarize themselves personally with the background. In Britain it is the solicitor who prepares the case, and the barrister who appears in court is not even allowed to meet witnesses beforehand. British barristers also alternate doing both prosecution and defence work. Being kept distant from the preparation and regularly appearing for both sides, barristers are said to avoid becoming too personally involved, and can approach cases more dispassionately. American lawyers, however, often know their cases better. 6. Reformers rightly want to learn from other countries' mistakes and successes. But what is clear is that justice systems, largely because they are the result of long historical growth, are peculiarly difficult to adapt piecemeal. III. Поставьте глагол в скобках в правильную видо¬временную форму, активный или пассивный залог и под¬черкните их. 1. In a year we will study criminal law. 2. The case is rather complicated. The jury still is discussing a verdict. 3. The convicted person has just been taken to prison. 4. Don’t come in! The court is sitting. 5. The doctor said that the victim had been killed a few hours before. 6. A number of important documents have been already signed. 7. The accused is guaranteed the right to defense. 8. When the fellon committed the crime he knew it was un¬lawful. 9. When all the evidence had been given counsels for both sides made speeches. 10. We will have a lecture on criminology next Monday. IV. Переведите предложение, содержащие неличные формы глагола на русский язык. 1. The proposed legislation, or bill, is first introduced in the House of Representatives. 2. Once passed by the Senate as a whole, the bill has to be ex¬amined by two more standing committees. 3. To qualify as a barrister you have to take the examinations of the Bar Council. 4. It is the solicitor’s job to advise you on legal matters of all kinds. 5. You must get a barrister to appear in a higher Court for you. 6. Every year Parliament passes about a hundred laws directly, by making Acts of Parliament. 7. Upon accepting office the Prime Minister must form a government. 8. The lower chamber having passed the bill, it went to the upper chamber. 9. Nobody expected her to testify against her father. 10. In developing case law, the courts have been guided by common sense and public policy. V. Раскройте скобки, употребив нужную форму гла¬гола в придаточных условных предложениях, и переведи¬те их на русский язык. 1. If it were not for the law, you could not go out in broad daylight without the fear of being robbed or murdered. 2. If we never told lies, never took anything that did not belong to us, we should still require a set of rules of behavior. 3. The policeman could have caught the murderer if he had come to the station earlier. 4. She couldn’t have stolen the Jewels unless she had had inside help. 5. Unless you tell me the whole story, I won’t be able to help you. VI. Раскройте скобки, используя the Subjunctive Mood, и переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. It is essential that this matter keep secret. 2. He insisted that the newspaper should print an apology. 3. He left the front door open so that they easily get into the house. 4. It is obviously necessary that an investigation be made. 5. I wish you went to a law school following the family tradition. 6. I wished he did not ask that questions. 7. It’s high time you be sacked. 8. He was afraid he might be taken for a burglar. " |
| Цена, руб. | 400 |
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20.11
Виктория, большое вам спасибо! Очень быстро все, даже не ожидала ))
Екатерина -
11.11
Сергей, большое Вам спасибо, защитила на отлично! Сказали, хорошая работа. Этого бы не было без Ваше
Наталья -
01.11
Это все благодаря вам. Я уже по вашим материалам тут все изучаю. Спасибо огромное вам и автору! Гос
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